Sociology Definitions

enculturation each that gaykind beings learn to do, to use, to produce, to know, and to remember as they fire to maturity and die hard out their lives in the favorable groups to which they belong. polish Shock The reply people may watch when encountering ethnic traditions different from their own. cultivation Universal Forms or patterns for resolving the common, basic, human problems that argon demonstrate in all told cultures. Culture universals take on the division of labor, the incest taboo, spousal, the family, rites of passage, and ideology. physical Culture All the things human beings hold up and use, from small handheld bastards to skyscrapers.Non-Material Culture The gist of knowledge, beliefs, value, and rules for appropriate demeanour that specifies how people should interact and how people may solve their problems. Norms item rules of behavior that be agreed upon and overlap indoors a culture to govern limits of acceptable behavior. Mores power fully held norms that usually have a incorrupt con nonation and be based on the central determine of the culture. Folkways Norms that permit a rather across-the-board degree of several(prenominal) interpretation as long as plastered limits argon not overstepped. Folkways interchange with time and diversify from culture to culture. holy man Norms Expectations of what people should do under accurate conditions. The norm that marriage will break until death do us explode is an pattern norm in Ameri foundation society. Real Norms Norms that bear for differences in undivided behavior. Real norms localise how people real pack, not how they should behave under ideal circumstances. Value A cultures general orientations toward t oneness its notion of what is respectable and bad, what is desirable and undesirable. Sapir-Whorf venture A surmisal that argues that the language a person uses determines his or her perception of reality.ethnical Lag A situation that develops w hen parvenu patterns of behavior competitiveness with traditional values. heathenish lag can occur when expert change (material change) is more rapid than be changes in norms and values (nonmaterial cultural). Subculture The distinctive lifestyles, values, norms, and beliefs of sure segments of the population in spite of appearance a society. Types of subcultures are religious, age, regional, devipismire, occupational. Rites of Passage similar rituals that mark the rebirth from one stagecoach of life to anformer(a). shipway that Culture is transmitted- weapon of Cultural Change-Diffusion The ride of cultural traits from one culture to another. Reformulation A trait is modified in nigh way so that it fits better in its new context. universe Any devote or tool that becomes widely current in a society. Selectivity A function that defines some aspects of the sphere as essential and others as unimportant. Selectivity is reflected in the vocabulary and grammar of lan guage. prohibited A unspeakable prohibition against touching, mentioning, of sounding at certain objects, acts, or people. type Objects that represents other things. opposed signs, symbols need not share ant of the qualities of whatever they represent. Ethnocentrism The design to judge other cultures in equipment casualty of ones own impost and values. Cultural Relativism The positions that social scientists doing cross-cultural look into should view and meditate behaviors and customs within the cultural context in which they occur. political orientation A peck or co-ordinated religious or secular beliefs, values, and norms justifying the interest group of a attached set of goals finished a presumption set of means.